Chagall's other illustrations include works by Gogol, La Fontaine, Y. His fascination with the Bible culminated in a series of over 100 etchings illustrating the Bible, many of which incorporate elements from Jewish folklore and from religious life in Vitebsk. In addition to images of the Hassidic world, Chagall's paintings are inspired by themes from the Bible. Chagall's horror over the Nazi rise to power is expressed in works depicting Jewish martyrs and Jewish refugees. He lived there permanently except for the years 1941 - 1948 when, fleeing France during World War II, he resided in the United States. The Bolshevik authorities, however, frowned upon Chagall's style of art as too modern, and in 1922, Marc Chagall left Russia, settling in France one year later. During the war, he resided in Russia, and in 1917, endorsing the revolution, he was appointed Commissar for Fine Arts in Vitebsk and then director of the newly established Free Academy of Art. In 1914, before the outbreak of World War I, Marc Chagall held a one-man show in Berlin, exhibiting work dominated by Jewish images and personages. He exhibited regularly in the Salon des Independants.
Chagall's work of this period displays the influence of contemporary French painting, but his style remains independent of any one school of art.
Animals, workmen, lovers, and musicians populate his figures the "fiddler on the roof" recurs frequently, often hovering within another scene. Strong and often bright colors portray the world with a dreamlike, non-realistic simplicity, and the fusion of fantasy, religion, and nostalgia infuses his work with a joyous quality. It was during this period that Chagall painted some of his most famous paintings of the Jewish shtetl or village, and developed the features that became recognizable trademarks of his art. From 1910 to 1914, Marc Chagall lived in Paris, and there absorbed the works of the leading cubist, surrealist, and fauvist painters. Influenced by contemporary Russian painting, Chagall's distinctive, child-like style, often centering on images from his childhood, began to emerge. Petersburg in 1907 to study art with Leon Bakst. With his mother's support, and despite his father's disapproval, Chagall pursued his interest in art, going to St. The eldest of nine children, Marc Chagall studied first in a heder before moving to a secular Russian school, where he began to display his artistic talent. Marc Chagall was born in Vitebsk, Byelorussia, in 1887 to a poor Hasidic family.
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